How to Use a Patio Heater Safely

As temperatures drop, it’s common to think that the season for outdoor entertaining is coming to a close—but that doesn’t have to be the case! Patio heaters are a great option for homeowners who seek to lengthen the outdoor season. Even in chilly temperatures, the right patio heater will keep you warm and comfortable.

To make sure you get the most out of your heater, let’s go over the best practices to ensure safety and maximum enjoyment.

But First, a Quick Intro to Patio Heaters

The biggest factor to consider before purchasing your new heater is fuel type. The four most common fuel types are:

1. Electric: Probably the safest of the available fuel types because there are no fumes, carbon monoxide, or flammable gases involved. Electricity is also a steady supply—save for a power outage—while the other three sources (more on those below) will need to be replaced with gas tanks or a line.

2. Natural Gas: A natural-gas patio heater is convenient because you don’t have to deal with canisters—your fuel use will just be on your gas bill. But this also makes these heaters less portable compared to electric or propane (see below). Natural gas also creates some safety concerns due to fumes, compared with electric heaters.

3. Propane: Because propane is contained in a tank (and not connected to a gas line or outlet) propane will give you maximum portability. However, to keep your propane heater running you will need to regularly refill your propane tank and replace it over time as wear and tear will increase safety concerns (although many retailers allow you to swap your tanks instead of refilling them).

4. Wood: Lastly, you can find plenty of wood-based patio heaters such and metal fire pits, chimineas, or even built-in brick fireplaces. Usually, the wood-based heaters (that aren’t built-in) are mobile, but the will take up additional space.

Your next consideration? Heater style. There are three key styles of patio heater:

5. Standing: This option will be the most universal across heat sources. As the name implies, these heaters are usually pillar- or pole-styled units that won’t take up much ground space because of the more vertical nature of their design. These units also are great for larger spaces based on their size.

6. Tabletop: Usually a smaller unit, the advantage here is the portability. Due to their output, though, they often aren’t ideal for larger spaces.

7. Hanging: If you have a gazebo, pergola, trellis, or other type of coverage for your patio area, hanging heaters are available. Heat rises, though, so these units aren’t great for very low temperatures or larger spaces where more heat is required.

The Do’s and Don'ts of Patio Heaters

No matter which heat source or style patio heater you select, the most important thing to know about any model is how to use it safely.

♦ To make sure that you and your family can enjoy your patio area without worrying, here’s a helpful list of patio heater do’s and don’ts:

♦ Do ensure proper ventilation: Propane and natural gas patio heaters release deadly carbon monoxide. Make sure you use them in the open air, and never indoors or in a partially enclosed space. The resulting carbon monoxide poisoning could be fatal. So, safety first.

♦ Do maintain your equipment: Propane tanks are only rated for a certain period, so make sure you don’t exceed that date. With natural gas and electricity, you’ll want to make sure that your gas line and power cords are in good condition to avoid the risk of gas leak or shock.

♦ Do keep them level: Standing heaters can tip and fall, causing damage to your property or injury to your friends and family. Placing them on a level surface reduces this risk.

♦ Don’t leave them exposed: To use safely, patio heaters belong outside. That doesn’t mean that they’re impervious to rain, ice, or other natural elements. So, store them indoors or at least in a partially enclosed space, protected from precipitation.

♦ Don’t ignore your heater: Even though you’ll likely be using porch heaters for relaxation and hosting social events, you need to make sure that you’re paying attention to them. Keep a fire extinguisher nearby, remind children to not roughhouse near them, and notice if you smell any mercaptan, the foul-smelling gas added to natural gas and propane to alert you to a leak.

Choosing the Right Patio Heater for Your Space

Selecting the right patio heater for your specific outdoor area is a critical first step in ensuring safety. Consider the following:

♦ Assessing Your Outdoor Area: Measure the space you intend to heat. Large, open spaces might require a more powerful heater, while smaller, enclosed areas might be better suited for an electric heater.

♦Considerations for Heater Placement: Think about where you plan to place the heater. Avoid placing heaters near flammable materials, such as wooden furniture, curtains, or plants.

Patio Heater Safety Features to Look For

When purchasing a patio heater, look for models with built-in safety features:

♦ Tip-Over Protection: This feature automatically turns off the heater if it’s accidentally knocked over.

♦ Automatic Shut-Off: Heaters with an automatic shut-off function will turn off after a certain period or if they overheat, reducing the risk of accidents.

♦ Safety Guards and Covers: These prevent direct contact with the heating element, reducing the risk of burns.

Proper Placement and Installation of Patio Heaters

Placement and installation are crucial for patio heater safety:

♦ Safe Distance from Flammable Objects: Ensure your patio heater is placed at a safe distance from all flammable objects, such as furniture, curtains, or plants. A general rule is to maintain a minimum distance of three feet.

♦ Positioning in an Open, Well-Ventilated Area: Always position your patio heater in an open, well-ventilated area to prevent the buildup of toxic gases like carbon monoxide.

♦ Secure Installation to Prevent Tipping: If using a standing heater, ensure it is securely installed and placed on a flat surface to prevent tipping. Wall-mounted or ceiling-mounted heaters should be properly anchored.

Guidelines for Operating a Patio Heater Safely

Here are some essential guidelines to follow when operating a patio heater:

♦ Pre-Operation Checks and Maintenance: Before each use, check your heater for any signs of damage, wear, or leaks, especially if it’s been stored for a while.

♦ Safe Ignition Procedures: Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for lighting the heater. Never use a match or lighter unless specified by the manufacturer.

♦ Monitoring During Use: Never leave a patio heater unattended while in use. Always monitor it to ensure it is operating safely.

Ventilation and Carbon Monoxide Risks

Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless gas that can be deadly in high concentrations. Here’s how to mitigate the risk:

♦ Understanding Carbon Monoxide Dangers: Heaters that use gas can produce carbon monoxide. Ensure your outdoor area is well-ventilated to disperse any buildup.

♦ Ensuring Proper Ventilation: Do not use a patio heater in an enclosed space without proper ventilation. Even with electric heaters, proper airflow is essential to avoid overheating.

♦ Signs of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: Be aware of symptoms like headaches, dizziness, and nausea, which could indicate carbon monoxide exposure.

Weather Considerations When Using a Patio Heater

Weather conditions can affect the safety and efficiency of your patio heater:

♦ Wind Conditions and Heater Stability: Strong winds can tip over freestanding heaters or disperse heat unevenly. Ensure your heater is stable and consider using wind guards.

♦ Rain and Water Exposure: Never use a patio heater in the rain unless it is specifically designed for wet conditions. Water can damage the heater and create a risk of electric shock or fire.

♦ Seasonal Storage and Maintenance: Store your heater properly during the off-season. Clean it thoroughly and cover it to protect against dust and debris.

Routine Maintenance and Inspection

Regular maintenance is key to safe operation:

♦ Cleaning the Heater Regularly: Remove dust, debris, and spider webs from the heater’s exterior and burner area. This prevents clogs and ensures efficient operation.

♦ Checking for Leaks and Damage: Regularly inspect hoses and connections for gas leaks or cracks. Replace any damaged parts immediately.

♦ Annual Professional Inspections: Consider having your heater inspected annually by a professional to ensure it’s in good working condition.

Common Mistakes to Avoid with Patio Heaters

Avoid these common mistakes to ensure safety:

♦ Overcrowding Around the Heater: Keep a clear radius around the heater to avoid accidents and ensure proper heat distribution.

♦ Leaving Heaters Unattended: Never leave a patio heater unattended, especially if there are children or pets around.

♦ Using the Wrong Fuel Type: Always use the correct fuel type specified by the manufacturer. Using the wrong type can result in malfunctions or fires.

Emergency Procedures and First Aid Tips

Knowing what to do in an emergency can save lives:

♦ What to Do in Case of a Fire: If a fire occurs, turn off the gas supply (if applicable) and use a fire extinguisher. Call emergency services if the fire cannot be controlled.

♦ First Aid for Burns and Inhalation: In case of burns, cool the area with water and seek medical attention. For inhalation, move to fresh air immediately and call for help if symptoms persist.

Energy Efficiency Tips for Patio Heaters

To maximize efficiency and reduce costs:

♦ Choosing Energy-Efficient Models: Look for heaters with adjustable heat settings and energy-saving features.

♦ Effective Heating Practices to Save Energy: Use reflectors to direct heat where it’s needed, and turn off the heater when the area is warm enough.

Environmental Considerations

Consider the environmental impact of your heater:

♦ Impact of Different Fuel Types: Natural gas and propane produce greenhouse gases. Electric heaters are cleaner but may rely on fossil fuels depending on your electricity source.

♦ Eco-Friendly Heater Options: Consider electric or infrared heaters for a more eco-friendly choice.

Legal and Insurance Considerations

Ensure you comply with local laws and insurance policies:

♦ Understanding Local Regulations: Check local

regulations regarding the use of patio heaters, especially in urban or high-density areas.

♦ Insurance Implications of Using Patio Heaters: Understand how using a patio heater may affect your home insurance policy. Some policies may have specific clauses regarding fire hazards.

How do you Light a Gas-Powered Patio Heater?

♦ For natural gas or propane models that have a pilot light, most will have a setting on the knob indicating “PILOT.”

♦ When you go to this setting, a small amount of the gas will be released to allow the pilot light to be lit with either a long match or lighter. Be careful, though, as the gas will continue to run unburned until the pilot is lit.

♦ If you can’t light your pilot light immediately, turn off the heater and let it sit for a few minutes to make sure there’s no gas buildup that could lead to a fire.

Conclusion

Using a patio heater safely is about being mindful of placement, operation, and maintenance. By following these guidelines, you can enjoy the warmth and comfort of your outdoor space without compromising on safety. Remember to always monitor your heater during use, conduct regular maintenance checks, and stay informed about safety features and regulations.

Patio Heater FAQ

Before you purchase and fire up your new patio heater, consider these frequently asked questions:

How much space can a single patio heater warm?

This depends on the model and size of the heater you purchase, but on average a typical heater will warm a radius of 6 to 10 feet extending from the heater. Larger patios often require more than one heater.

Can you use a patio heater on a screened porch?

When it comes to safety, there’s a real difference between “can” and “should.” You shouldn’t use a gas-fired patio heater on a screened-in porch. A screened-in or covered porch will hold fumes, including deadly carbon monoxide. To heat a screened porch, only ever use an electric heater (no emissions).

Can you use a patio heater under a covered patio or pergola?

Only if it’s electric. Electric heaters even come in hanging options, meaning they’re designed for these types of porches or patios. Just make sure you research your needs before purchasing a unit.

How can you keep a patio heater from tipping over?

To keep your patio heater from tipping over ensure it is on a level surface when you first place it on your patio. You can use shims to compensate for uneven patio bricks or ground. Another good tip is to add weight to the bottom of your heater, as a heavier base will reduce the likelihood of tipping.

Are Propane Patio Heaters Safe for Use in Garages?

No. As with any other gas-powered appliance or implement, a propane or natural gas heater cannot be operated in an enclosed space like a garage without risking death by CO poisoning.

Looking to keep your garage warmer? Purchase an electric heater, or have weather stripping installed around the doors.